Tugas 2 Pasive Voice

Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk gramatikal) dimana subject pada sentence (kalimat) atau clause (klausa) tidak melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain (doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak. 

Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subject pada sentence atau clause berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi.

Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb (mempunyai direct object) yang dapat diberlakukan demikian.

Rumus Passive Voice

Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.

S + auxiliary verb + past participle

Catatan:

• Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being) maupun kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are being, was/were being, has/have been) maupun antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
• Kombinasi auxiliary digunakan pada bentuk pasif pada tenses. Penjelasan lebih lengkap dapat dilihat di Bentuk Pasif pada Tenses, Infinitive, dan Gerund.
• Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive (memiliki direct object).

a.    Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.

Contoh :

• Active    : He meets them everyday.
• Passive  : They are met by him everyday.
• Active    : She waters this plant every two days.
• Passive  : This plant is watered by her every two days.

b.    Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were

Contoh :

• Active    : He met them yesterday
• Passive  : They were met by him yesterday
• Active    : She watered this plant this morning
• Passive  : This plant was watered by her this morning

c.    Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’

Contoh :

• Active    : He has met them
• Passive  : They have been met by him
• Active    : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
• Passive  : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

d.   Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been

Contoh :

• Active    : He had met them before I came.
• Passive  : They had been met by him before I came.
• Active    : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
• Passive  : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

e.    Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be

Contoh :

• Active    : He will meet them tomorrow.
• Passive  : They will be met by him tomorrow.
• Active    : She will water this plant this afternoon.
• Passive  : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
• Active    : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
• Passive  : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.

f.     Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’

Contoh :

• Active    : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
• Passive  : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
• Active   : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
• Passive  : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.

g.    Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.

Contoh :

• Active    : He would have met them.
• Passive  : They would have been met by him.
• Active    : She would have watered this plant.
• Passive  : This plant would have been watered by her.

h.    Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.

Contoh :

• Active    : He is meeting them now.
• Passive  : They are being met by him now.
• Active    : She is watering this plant now.
• Passive  : This plant is being watered by her now.

i.     Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.

Contoh :

• Active    : He was meeting them.
• Passive  : They were being met by him.
• Active    : She was watering this plant.
• Passive  : This plant was being watered by her.

j.     Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.

Contoh :

• Active    : He has been meeting them.
• Passive  : They have been being met by him.
• Active    : She has been watering this plant.
• Passive  : This plant has been being watered by her.

k.    Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.

Contoh :

• Active    : He had been meeting them.
• Passive  : They had been being met by him.
• Active    : She had been watering this plant.
• Passive  : This plant had been being watered by her.

l.     Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.

Contoh :

• Active    : He will be meeting them.
• Passive  : They will be being met by him.
• Active    : She will be watering this plant.
• Passive  : This plant will be being watered by her.

m.   Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.

Contoh :

• Active    : He would be meeting them.
• Passive  : They would be being met by him.
• Active    : She would be watering this plant.
• Passive   : This plant would be being watered by her.

n.    Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.

Contoh :

• Active    : He will have been meeting them.
• Passive  : They will have been being met by him.
• Active    : She will have been watering this plant.
• Passive  : This plant will have been being watered by her.

o.    Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.

Contoh :

• Active    : He would be meeting them.
• Passive  : They would be being met by him.
• Active    : She would be watering this plant.
• Passive  : This plant would be being watered by her.

Sumber : http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-dan-contoh-kalimat-passive-voice

Tugas 1 Bhs Inggris Bisnis 2

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Usually conditional sentences contain the word if. There are some verb forms which often go together. The modals will, would, can, and could often appear in conditional sentence. These patterns are usually called Types 1,2 and 3. There are two types of conditionals : The real consists of factual and habitual, and the unreal consists of contrary to fact or hypothetical.

The real or future possible as it is sometimes called, is used when the speaker expresses an action or situation which usually occurs, or will occur if the circumstances in the main clause are met.

TYPE 1
Type 1 reflect of the real conditions (possibly true)

Formula (Future Time)
If + Subject + Simple Present Tense + { will, can, may, must } + [verb in simple form]
Examples : 
1. If you come on time, i will buy a special cup of tea for you.

2. If Mr. Deni doesn't come for todays meeting, we will arrange the schedule again.

3. If we don't hurry, we wont be in time.
4. If Reza doesn't want come to the school this morning, it may something bad happen to him.

5. If it rains, we will get wet
6. If Mrs. Sisi can lend a hand, i will be very thankful.
7. If the car won't start, we must take the bus
8. If  we take a bus, it will be quicker
9. The milk will go off if you leave it by the radiator.

10. If you think you can do that job, why not apply for it?

Formula (Habitual)
If + Subject + Simple Present Tense + Simple Present Tense 
Examples : 
1. If Ms.Chung has busy schedule, she reads her favourite novel in the weekend

2. John usually walks to the office if he has enough time.
3. Marie play piano on Saturday if she has free time.
4. If Dr. Albert has afternoon office hours, he visits his clinic in Manhattan in the morning.

5. If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits his patients in the hospital in the afternoon.(no modal)

6. I usually watch a movie in the night if i have full energy.

7. Julie play tennis on Thursday, if she and her boyfriend has free time.
8. Antony usually drive to work if he hasn't much time
9. Diana always has toast at breakfast if she doesn't in hurry.

10. Tom usually walks his labrador dogs once a week, if he hasn't busy.

Formula ( Command)
If + Subject + Simple Present Tense + Command form 
Examples :
1. Please be quicker if you doesn't want to be late

2. If the headache persists,you must consult a doctor.

3.If you will just sign here, please
4. Please read the instruction if you want to have a good score
5. If you go to the Post Office, please mail this letter for me

6. If you know the correct answer, please up your hands.
7. Please call me if you hear from Jane.

8. If father doesn't want to accompany you, you must go with your brother.
9. Please eat your food if you want to be healthy.
10. Please wait for a minute, if you can.

Type 2
Type 2 reflect of the unreal conditions (not true).

Formula (Present or Future Time) 
If + Subject + Simple {ast Tense + {would, could, might} + [verb in simple form]
Examples :
1.  If we took a taxi, it would be quicker

2. If Tony would like to see the festival, it would be nice to go together with us.

3. If Mr.Adrian didn't speak so quickly, rani could understand him.
4. If we had a light, we could see
5. If you wouldn't mind holding the line, i'll try to put you through.
6. Randi would tell me about it if he were here.
(He won't tell me about it) (He's not here)
7. If the sun was shining, it would be a perfect day.
8. If i had the time, I would go to the beach with all of my friends this month.
( i don't have the time) (i'm not going to the beach with all of my friends)

9. I would go out to work, if i could have my child looked after
10. If you would like to see the exhibition, it would be nice to go together with your friends.


Type 3
Type 3 reflect of the unreal conditions too same as Type 2 or something that actually not happened.

Formula (Past Time) 
If + Subject + Past Perfect + {would, could,might} + have + [verb in past participle]
Examples : 
1. If we would known about it, we would have gone to the concert

2. I would have done, if i could have warned you in time,
3. If i hadn't lost my way, i would have arrived sooner than you.
4. If you had known that Mrs.Nina was there, you would have written her a letter,
( You didn't know that Mrs.Nina was there) (You didn't write Mrs.Nina a letter)
5. If you had come on your car, you would have been in time

6. If Stevan would stayed in his job, he would have been promoted.
7, If we hadn't bought a map, we would have got lost
8. You would never have got it back if you would lent him the money.
9. Dony would have sold the apartment if he had found the right buyer.
( Dony didn't sell the apartment) (He didn't find the right buyer)

10. If i would written the address down, i could have saved myself a lot of trouble.

Sumber :
Oxford learners pocket grammar by John Eastwood
Cliffs TOEFL Preparation Guide by Pyle and Page