Manajemen Menurut Para Ahli

Perusahaan pasti membutuhkan manajemen dalam keseharian pekerjaan mereka. bisa dikatakan manajemen merupkan komponen penting dalam perusahaan.. apakah itu manajemen? berikut ini ada beberapa pengertian manajemen dari para ahli :

1.  Menurut Dr. SP. SIAGIAN dalam buku  “FILSAFAT ADMINISTRASI” MANAGEMENT DAPAT DIDEFINISIKAN SEBAGAI “KEMAMPUAN ATAU KETERAMPILAN UNTUK MEMPEROLEH SUATU HASIL DALAM RANGKA PENCAPAIAN TUJUAN MELALUI ORANG LAIN”.

DENGAN DEMIKIAN DAPAT PULA DIKATAKAN BAHWA MANAGEMENT MERUPAKAN INTI DARIPADA ADMINISTRASI KARENA MEMANG MANAGEMENT MERUPAKAN ALAT PELAKSANA UTAMA DARIPADA ADMINSITRASI”

2. Menurut Prof. Dr. H. ARIFIN ABDULRACHMAN dalam buku “KERANGKA POKOK-POKOK MANAGEMENT” DAPAT DIARTIKAN :

a. KEGIATAN-KEGIATAN/AKTIVITAS-AKTIVITAS;

b. PROSES,  YAKNI KEGIATAN  DALAM  RENTETAN  URUTAN- URUTAN;

c. INSITUT/ ORANG – ORANG YANG MELAKUKAN KEGIATAN ATAU PROSES KEGIATAN

3. Menurut ORDWAY TEAD yang disadur oleh DRS. HE. ROSYIDI dalam buku “ORGANISASI DAN MANAGEMENT“, definisi Manajemen adalah “PROSES DAN KEGIATAN PELAKSANAAN USAHA MEMIMPIN DAN MENUNJUKAN ARAH PENYELENGGARAAN TUGAS SUATU ORGANISASI DI DALAM MEWUJUDKAN TUJUAN YANG TELAH DITETAPKAN “.

4. Menurut “Marry Parker Follet” :

“MANAJEMEN SEBAGAI SENI DALAM MENYELESAIKAN PEKERJAAN MELALUI ORANG LAIN”.

5.  Menurut James A.F. Stonner :

“MANAJEMEN ADALAH PROSES PERENCANAAN, PENGORGANISASIAN, PENGARAHAN DANPENGAWASAN USAHA-USAHA PARA ANGGOTA ORGANISASI DAN PENGGUNAAN SUMBER-SUMBER DAYA ORGANISASI LAINNYA AGAR MENCAPAI TUJUAN ORGANISASI YANG DITETAPKAN”.

6.   Horold Koontz dan Cyril O’donnel

Manajemen adalah usaha untuk mencapai suatu tujuan tertentu melalui kegiatan orang lain.

7.   Lawrence A. Appley

Manajemen adalah seni pencapaian tujuan yang dilakukan melalui usaha orang lain

8.   Drs. Oey Liang Lee

Manajemen adalah seni dan ilmu perencanaan pengorganisasian,penyusunan,pengarahan dan pengawasan daripada sumberdaya manusia untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan.

9.   Lewis dkk

Mendefinisikan manajemen sebagai: “the process of administering and coordinating resources effectively and efficiently in an effort to achieve the goals of the organization.” Pendapat tersebut kurang lbh mempunyai arti bahwa manajemen merupakan proses mengelola dan mengkoordinasi sumber daya-sumber daya secara efektif dan efisien sebagai usaha utk mencapai tujuan organisasi.

10.   Daft

“Management is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning organizing leading and controlling organizational resources”. Pendapat tersebut kurang lbh mempunyai arti bahwa manajemen merupakan pencapaian tujuan organisasi dgn cara yg efektif dan efisien lewat perencanaan pengorganisasian pengarahan dan pengawasan sumberdaya organisasi.

11.   Plunket dkk

Mendefinisikan manajemen sebagai “One or more managers individually and collectively setting and achieving goals by exercising related functions (planning organizing staffing leading and controlling) and coordinating various resources (information materials money and people)”. Pendapat tersebut kurang lbh mempunyai arti bahwa manajemen merupakan satu atau lbh manajer yg secara individu maupun bersama-sama menyusun dan mencapai tujuan organisasi dgn melakukan fungsi-fungsi terkait (perencanaan pengorgnisasian penyusunan staf pengarahan dan pengawasan) dan mengkoordinasi berbagai sumber daya (informasi material uang dan orang).

12. Hilman

Manajemen adalah fungsi untuk mencapai sesuatu melalui kegiatan orang lain dan mengawasi usaha-usaha individu untuk mencapai tujuan yang sama

13. Ricky W. Griffin

Mendefinisikan manajemen sebagai sebuah proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengkoordinasian, dan pengontrolan sumber daya untuk mencapai sasaran (goals) secara efektif dan efesien. Efektif berarti bahwa tujuan dapat dicapai sesuai dengan perencanaan, sementara efisien berarti bahwa tugas yang ada dilaksanakan secara benar, terorganisir, dan sesuai dengan jadwal.

Dari beberapa pengertian diatas maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen adalah :

SUATU KEGIATAN YANG DILAKUKAN MELALUI ORANG LAIN UNTUK MENCAPAI SUATU HASIL YANG DICITA -CITAKAN SUATU PERUSAHAAN DAN SEKALIGUS MELAKUKAN FUNGSI - FUNGSI YANG TERKAIT SEPERTI PERENCANAAN, PENGORGANISASIAN, PENGARAHAN DAN PENGAWASAN..

Contoh nyata manajemen yaitu.. misala dalam suatu Koperasi Kredit diperlukan suatu manajemen yang merupakan penyelenggara harian. Setiap hari tugas dari manajemen ini yaitu Melayani setiap anggota koperasi yang datang untuk melakukan transaksi keuangan.. seperti kegiatan menabung dan peminjaman.. selain itu tugas manajemen yaitu menangani setiap keluhan atau problem khususnya masalah keuangan yang terjadi pada anggota.. Biasanya Manajemen dalam Koperasi Kredit terdiri dari :

1. Manajer

2. Kepala bagian keuangan

3. Staff Keuangan

4. Staff IT

5. Teller

6. Staff Administrasi

Semakin besar suatu perusahaan maka semakin kompleks struktur organisasi atau manajemennya..

sumber :

http://inspirasilutfi.blogspot.com/2010/10/definisi-manajemen-menurut-beberapa.html

http://putracenter.net/2008/11/21/definisi-manajemen-menurut-para-ahli/

Latihan Bahasa Inggris

BAB 6 (MENGAJUKAN PERTANYAAN)

LATIHAN 1

1.       A : Do you know my brother ?

B : No, I don’t.                  

2.       A : Does Jane eat lunch at Cafetaria every day?

B : Yes, she does.

3.       A : Does that pen belong to you?

B : No, It doesn’t.

4.       A : Do the student in this class speak English well?

B : Yes, they do.

5.       A : Did you sleep well last night?

B : Yes, I did.

6.       A : Did ann and Jim come to class yesterday?

B : No, they didn’t.

7.       A : Are you studying my grammar book?

B : Yes, I am.

8.       A : Are the children wathing tv?

B : No, they aren’t.

9.       A : Is Tim Wilson in my astronomy class?

B : Yes, he is.

10.   A : Was it foggy yesterday?
B : No, it wasn’t.

11.   A : Will you be at home tonight?

B : No, I won’t.

12.   A : Is Jason going to be at work yesterday?

B : No, he isn’t.

LATIHAN 5

1.       A : What time did you get up this morning ?

B : At 7:30.

2.       A : Where did you eat lunch today?

B : At the cafeteria.

3.       A : What time did you lunch?

B : At 12:15.

4.       A : Why do you eat lunch at the cafeteria?

B : Because the food is good.

5.       A : AWhere do you aunt and uncle live?

B : In Chicago.

6.       A : When are you going to visit your aunt and uncle?

B : Next week.

7.       A : When will you get home?

B : Around six.

8.       A : Where is George going to study tonight?

B : At the library.

9.       A : Why does George study at library?

B : Because it’s quiet.

10.   A : Where I can I catch a bus?

B : At the corner.

11.   A : What time do you have to leave?

B : Ten o’clock.

12.   A : Where were you living in 1988?

B : In Japan.

Manager For Her Company

Management is creative problem solving. This creative problem solving is accomplished through four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The intended result is the use of an organization's resources in a way that accomplishes its mission and objectives.

In Management Excel, this standard definition is modified to align more closely with our teaching objectives and to communicate more clearly the content of the organizing function. Organizing is divided into organizing and staffing so that the importance of staffing in small businesses receives emphasis along side organizing. In the management literature, directing and leading are used interchangeably.

1.      Planning is the ongoing process of developing the business' mission and objectives and determining how they will be accomplished. Planning includes both the broadest view of the organization, e.g., its mission, and the narrowest, e.g., a tactic for accomplishing a specific goal.

2.      Organizing is establishing the internal organizational structure of the organization. The focus is on division, coordination, and control of tasks and the flow of information within the organization. It is in this function that managers distribute authority to job holders.

3.      Staffing is filling and keeping filled with qualified people all positions in the business. Recruiting, hiring, training, evaluating and compensating are the specific activities included in the function. In the family business, staffing includes all paid and unpaid positions held by family members including the owner/operators.

4.      Directing is influencing people's behavior through motivation, communication, group dynamics, leadership and discipline. The purpose of directing is to channel the behavior of all personnel to accomplish the organization's mission and objectives while simultaneously helping them accomplish their own career objectives.

5.      Controlling is a four-step process of establishing performance standards based on the firm's objectives, measuring and reporting actual performance, comparing the two, and taking corrective or preventive action as necessary.

Management Skills

Management Excel concentrates on building management skills. There are three basic management skills: technical, human and conceptual. A technical skill is the ability to use tools, techniques, and specialized knowledge to carry out a method, process, or procedure. Much of the technology that farmers know and can use so well comes under this management skill. Human skills are used to build positive interpersonal relationships, solve human relations problems, build acceptance of one's co-workers, and relate to them in a way that their behavior is consistent with the needs of the organization. Conceptual skills involve the ability to see the organization as a whole and to solve problems in a way that benefits the entire organization. Analytical, creative and intuitive talents make up the manager's conceptual skills.

Introductory Management Excel programs pay little attention to technical skills. Most managers in attendance have developed these skills far beyond their human and conceptual skills. In some advanced Management Excel programs, e.g., animal nutrition and financial management, the emphasis is on integration of technical, human and conceptual skills rather than on a more traditional technical approach.

The relative importance of conceptual, human and technical skills changes as a person progresses from lower, to middle, to top management. (Figure 1.4, Higgins, page 20) Although all three management skills are important at all three levels of management, conceptual skills become relatively more important at the top level of management. The consistently high level of importance of human skills helps us understand why people problems are so often cited as a core cause of business failure.

A professional association of practicing managers, the American Management Association, has identified important skills for managers that encompass conceptual, communication, effectiveness, and interpersonal aspects. These are briefly described below:

Conceptual Skills: Ability to use information to solve business problems, identification of opportunities for innovation, recognizing problem areas and implementing solutions, selecting critical information from masses of data, understanding the business uses of technology, understanding the organization's business model.

Communication Skills: Ability to transform ideas into words and actions, credibility among colleagues, peers, and subordinates, listening and asking questions, presentation skills and spoken format, presentation skills; written and graphic formats

Effectiveness Skills: Contributing to corporate mission/departmental objectives, customer focus, multitasking; working at multiple tasks at parallel, negotiating skills, project management, reviewing operations and implementing improvements, setting and maintaining performance standards internally and externally, setting priorities for attention and activity, time management.

Interpersonal Skills: Coaching and mentoring skills, diversity skills; working with diverse people and culture, networking within the organization, networking outside the organization, working in teams; cooperation and commitment.